This is the branch of mathematics from which functional programming is derived and is also the origin for String Diagrams.
Rust pulls several of its typing concepts from languages like Haskell and has a very functional flavor to it.
The twitter thread in string diagrams links to a book called "Seven Sketches of Applied Category Theory" pdf 
Category Theory enthusiasts seem convinced that is provides a framework that will help solve world problems. I don't grok it well enough to see why they feel that way. Perhaps this book will help?
Alse see
In particular: Secure distributed computation should not be hard.
* What a category is
* Why object (hyper)graphs naturally form categories
* How actors are not supercomputers
* Physical realizability and effective computability of actor scripts
* Lawvere's fixed-point theorem
* Turing categories
* FLP and FTL impossibility
* Quantum coherence, quantum contextuality, and Conway's Free Will theorem
* Why polynomial-time classes are central to computational complexity
From various threads that came together into this recent discussion: page